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Year :	1993
Tome :	144
Volume :	7
Pages :	579-589
Title :	Apoptosis.
Authors :	L. BRET, M. DELVERDIER et G.F. FOURNIE
Summary :	Apoptosis is an active and programmed mechanism of cell death which occurs in physiological and pathological situations. Apoptotic cells are characterized by cellular condensation, then fragmentation achieved by formation of apoptotic bodies. In contrast to necrosis, apoptosis results from cellular stimulation and requires second messengers (AMP, free Ca2+) to directly activate effectors (particularly an endonuclease which degrades chromatine into nucleosomes) or to activate � lytic genes � transcription. According to the degree of cellular differentiation, a same signal induces cell activation or cell death by apoptosis. Diversified signals (infections, drugs) may actively cause apoptosis. In front of autoimmunity, infections or genetic alterations, the programmed cell death may be responsible for elimination of indesirable or dangerous cells from the organism.
Keywords :	Apoptosis - cell death - review
Correspondence :	L. BRET
Adress :	Laboratoire de Physiopathologie, �cole Nationale V�t�rinaire, 23, Chemin des Capelles, F-31076 Toulouse Cedex

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